To grow coneflowers from seed using soil blocks indoors, start by sowing seeds 6 to 8 weeks before the last expected frost. Prepare soil blocks using a seed-starting mix, and if desired, cold stratify the seeds by refrigerating them for 2 to 4 weeks to improve germination. Place the seeds on the surface of moistened soil blocks, as they need light to sprout; do not cover them with soil. Position the soil blocks under grow lights or in a sunny location, maintaining a temperature around 70°F (21°C). Keep the soil blocks consistently moist but not waterlogged. Once seedlings have 2 to 3 true leaves and are strong enough, start hardening them off by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over a week. Transplant the hardened seedlings into the garden after the last frost, spacing them about 12 to 18 inches apart in a well-draining, sunny spot. Regular care will ensure healthy, vibrant coneflowers ready to brighten your summer garden.

When caring for coneflower starts, follow these key steps to ensure successful growth and blooming:

• Acclimation: Before planting, gradually acclimate the nursery starts to outdoor conditions. Place them in a shaded, sheltered spot for a few hours a day, gradually increasing exposure to full sunlight over a week. This process, known as hardening off, helps the plants adjust to their new environment.

• Planting: Choose a well-draining location with full sun to partial shade. Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball of each start and the same depth. Gently remove the plant from its container and place it in the hole, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Backfill the hole with soil, firming it gently around the plant.

• Watering: Water the coneflower starts thoroughly after planting. Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy, especially during the first few weeks as the plants establish their roots. Once established, coneflowers are relatively drought-tolerant.

• Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Avoid piling mulch against the stems.

• Fertilizing: Feed coneflowers with a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer or compost once or twice during the growing season to support healthy growth and blooming.

• Pruning: Remove any dead or damaged leaves and spent flowers to encourage continuous blooming and maintain plant health. Deadheading, or removing spent blooms, can also help promote additional flowering.

• Pest and Disease Management: Regularly inspect plants for pests such as aphids or spider mites and diseases like powdery mildew. Address any issues promptly with appropriate treatments or cultural practices.